Gender and Orality: A Study of Select Folktales

Abstract

Aim: The paper aims to analyze gender-biases and discriminatory stereotypical practices as reflected in the folktales to advocate social change for a more equitable society. In pre-literate or non-literate societies, transmission of knowledge, belief systems, lifestyles and rituals took place in oral form that ensured cultural continuity and preserved societal norms/values. Folktales and orality are complimentary to each other as folktales/narratives are passed on orally in the form of speeches, acts, narrations or songs from one generation to the other.

Methodology and Approach: The authors have used the primary and secondary sources as part of their research. The researchers have also applied the feminist and gender theories in this work with the intention to bring changes in the modern society with the help of folktales which help to change the traditional thinking regarding women and their individual existence. Folktales in Uttar Pradesh are found in the dialects like Awadhi, Bundeli, Kauravi, Braj and Bhojpuri etc.

Outcome: In the countries like India where folk literature has a rich and long-standing history, literature produced and transferred orally is counted among the major defining attributes of its literary and cultural heritage. Orality works as ‘lifeblood’ to keep alive the folktales across generations.

Conclusion and Suggestions: Although in modern age folktales seem outdated, but they preserve the soul of true India within stories guiding in every sphere of life. The folktales attack these traditional norms which become the shackles of the feet of the women.