Malapilla (1938): A Struggle for the Representation of Harijans in the Cinematic Space

Abstract

Aim: This paper analyzes the 1938 Telugu film Malapilla (An Untouchable Girl) as an early cinematic representation of caste dynamics, focusing on the portrayal of Dalit struggles and societal conflicts. It examines the film’s attempt to use romance and reformist ideals to bridge the caste divide and how cinema becomes a vehicle for both critique and cultural transformation during the pre-independence period.

Methodology and Approaches: The research employs a historical and critical analysis of Malapilla, contextualizing it within Telugu cinema’s transition from mythological themes to social realism. The study investigates the narrative techniques and ideological underpinnings of the film, especially its engagement with nationalist sentiments and the reformist role of characters like Chawdhrayya.

Outcome: The study highlights how Malapilla navigates between caste identities and nationalist ideology, revealing the tension between tradition and modernity. It finds that while the film promotes caste reform, it paradoxically erases authentic Dalit representation through the casting of Kanchanamala in the lead role.

Conclusion and Suggestions: The analysis concludes that Malapilla offers a compelling example of early Indian cinema’s role in shaping public discourse on caste and nationalism. However, it also suggests that the film's reformist stance is limited by its reluctance to authentically depict Dalit characters. Future studies on cinema’s social impact could benefit from further exploring the intersection of media representation, caste, and political movements during India's colonial period.